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the reference

reading [Memex]:
Vanevar Bush, As We May Think, The Atlantic Monthly, July 1945.

All the way back , Vanevar Bush imagined an information appliance that is still in many respects more powerful than anything we have today.

readings [Ted Nelson]:
Computer Lib/Dream Machines, 1970-1974,
from the excerpt in The New Media Reader, 303-317, 319-322, 335-338.
Literary Machines, 14-17.
A file structure for the complex, the changing and the indeterminate, Proc ACM 20th National Conference, 84-100, 1965.

Early in the 1960's, Ted Nelson coined the term hypertext, to mean forms of non-linear writing. Hypertext is characterized as a directed graph structure of nodes and links. From the start of its conception, writers and computer scientists have been involved.

reading [Labyrinth]:
Jorge Luis Borges, The Garden of Forking Paths, in
Ficciones, -or-
Labyrinths; selected stories & other writings,
1941.

How can this short story from a prior era serve as a metaphor for hypertext structure?!

reading [Found Objects]:
Lucy Lippard, Dadas On Art, Englwd Cliffs NJ: Prentice Hall, 1972.
excerpt 139-143: Marcel Duchamp

Marcel Duchamp's Fountain was perhaps the most important art work of the 20th century. How did this anti-masterpiece demonstrate the power of context, when an object is referenced?

reading [Hyperreal]:
Jean Baudrillard, The Ecstasy of Communication, in Hal Foster, The Anti-Aesthetic: Essays on Postmodern Culture. New York: New Press, 1983.
on electronic reserve.

Baudrillard coined the term hyperreal to describe a socio-cultural phenomenon, in which electronic media realities become more significant than physical realities. Recently, The Matrix films have brought this conceptual perspective into the spotlight of popular media.