ideation
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Information-based ideation (IBI) is a theory and paradigm for investigating tasks and activities in which people develop new ideas; digital content serves as support and stimulus.
People curate—gather, assemble, annotate, reflect on, and exhibit—content to perform IBI activities. Each stage of curation involves creativity. Information-based ideation involves conceptualization and synthesis, beyond information seeking, sensemaking, and finding facts.
Curation platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest and LiveMâché function as creativity support environments for information-based ideation. We investigate Pinterest, discovering how people find, assemble, and generate ideas while performing everyday activities to address both practical and emotional needs. We design IdeaMÂCHÉ to support a range of everyday personal, academic, and professional creative activities.
How to evaluate creativity support environments is a hard problem. We take a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data analysis. We analyze qualitative data using grounded theory methods.
We derive analytics for quantifying creativity in the context of an IBI task or activity. We build on prior creative cognition research in engineering design to derive a battery of ideation metrics of curation. These are used to measure aspects of creativity in curation products (e.g. Pinterest board and information composition). In laboratory and crowdsourced studies, we use these metrics to compare the effectiveness of different creativity support environments.
- Elemental metrics, which can be computed, assess and aggregate the creativity of individual curate elements. These include Fluency (number of ideas), Flexibility / Variety (diversity of ideas), and novelty (the rareness of ideas).
- Holistic metrics (presently assessed by a panel of raters), evaluate the creativity of an entire curation, addressing how elements are assembled. These include Emergence (new ideas through combinations of prior ones), Visual Presentation, and Exposition (Written Presentation).
publications
Lupfer, N., Kerne, A., Linder, R., Fowler, H., Rajanna, V., Carrasco, M., Valdez, A.
Multiscale Design Curation: Supporting Computer Science Students' Iterative and Reflective Creative Processes,
Proc. ACM Creativity & Cognition 2019, 233-245 [30%].
https://doi.org/10.1145/3325480.3325483
Lupfer, N.
Collaborative Design Curation: Supporting Creativity in Teams,
Proc. ACM Creativity & Cognition 2019, 691-696.
https://doi.org/10.1145/3325480.3326562
Kerne, A., Lupfer, N., Linder R., Qu, Y., Valdez, A., Jain, A., Keith, K., Carrasco, M., Vanegas, J., Billingsley, A.,
Strategies of Free-form Web Curation: Processes of Creative Engagement with Prior Work,
Proc. ACM Creativity & Cognition 2017, 380-392 [29%].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3059454.3059471
Jain, A.,
Measuring Creativity: Multi-Scale Visual and Conceptual Design Analysis,
Proc. ACM Creativity & Cognition 2017, Graduate Student Symposium, Singapore, 490-495.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3059454.3078697
Lupfer, N., Kerne, A., Webb, A.M., Linder R.,
Patterns of Free-form Curation: Visual Thinking with Web Content,
Proc. ACM International Conference on Multimedia 2016, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [20%].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2964284.2964303
Linder, R.,
Analyzing Creative Processes: Qualitative Methods Meets Visual Analytics,
IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology VAST 2016 Doctoral Colloquium, Baltimore, Maryland.
Linder, R. and Kerne, A.,
Composing Everyday Plans on Pinterest: 5 Minute Projects and Gathered Ideas,
CHI 2016 Workshop: Productivity Decomposed: Getting Big Things Done with Little Microtasks, San Jose, California.
Qu, Y.
Supporting Ideation by Integrating Exploratory Search, Browsing, and Curation
,
Proc. ACM Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval (CHIIR) 2016, 361-363.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2854946.2854948
Jain, A., Lupfer, N., Qu, Y., Linder, R., Kerne, A., Smith, S. M.,
Evaluating TweetBubble with Ideation Metrics of Exploratory Browsing,
Proc. ACM Creativity and Cognition 2015, 178-187 [28%].
Best Paper Honorable Mention.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2757226.2757239
Linder, R., Lupfer, N., Kerne, A., Webb, A. M., Hill, C., Qu, Y., Keith, K., Carrasco M., Kellogg, E.
Beyond Slideware: How a Free-form Presentation Medium Stimulates Free-form Thinking in the Classroom,
Proc. ACM Creativity and Cognition 2015, 285-294. [28%].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2757226.2757251
Webb, A.M.,
Pen + Touch Diagramming to Stimulate Design Ideation,
Proc. ACM Creativity and Cognition 2015, Graduate Symposium, 331-332.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2757226.2764766
Kerne, A., Webb, A.M., Smith, S.M., Linder, R., Lupfer, N., Qu, Y., Moeller, J., Damaraju, S.,
Using Metrics of Curation to Evaluate Information-based Ideation
,
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (ToCHI),
21(3), June 2014, 48 pages.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2591677
Linder, R., Snodgrass, C., and Kerne, A.
Everyday Ideation: All of My Ideas Are On Pinterest,
Proc. CHI 2014, 2411-2420 [23%].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557273
Webb, A.M., Kerne, A., Linder, R., Lupfer, N., Qu, Y., Keith, K., Carrasco, M.,
Multi-Scale Information Composition: a New Medium for Freeform Art Curation in the Cloud,
CHI 2014 Workshop: Curating the Digital: Spaces for Art and Interaction, Toronto, Canada.
[information composition]
Webb, A.M., Linder, R., Kerne, A., Lupfer, N., Qu, Y., Poffenberger, B., and Revia, C.,
Promoting Reflection and Interpretation in Education: Curating Rich Bookmarks as Information Composition,
Proc. Creativity and Cognition 2013, 53-62 [32%].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2466627.2466636
Kerne, A., Latulipe, C., Drucker, S.M., Candy, L., Höök, K., Webb, A.M., and Carroll, E.
Evaluation methods for creativity support environments,
Proc CHI 2013 Extended Abstracts, 3295-3298.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2468356.2479670
Linder, R., Webb, A.M., and Kerne, A.,
Searching to Measure the Novelty of Collected Ideas,
CHI 2013 Evaluation Methods for Creativity Support Environments Workshop, Paris, France.
Webb, A.M. and Kerne, A.,
Creative Visual Thinking through Information Composition + Diagramming,
CHI 2012 Visual Thinking & Digital Imagery Workshop, Austin, TX, USA.
Webb, A.M., Kerne, A.
Integrating Implicit Structure Visualization with Authoring Promotes Ideation,
Proc Joint ACM/IEEE Conf on Digital Libraries (JCDL) 2011, 203-212 [23%].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1998076.1998116
[video]
Smith, S.M., Linsey, J.S., Kerne, A.
Using Evolved Analogies to Overcome Creative Design Fixation,
Proc Design Creativity 2010, 35-39.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-224-7_6
Karlsen, I.K., Maiden, N., Kerne, A.
Inventing Requirements with Creativity Support Tools,
Proc Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality (REFSQ) 2009, 162-174.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02050-6_14
Kerne, A., Koh, E., Smith, S. M., Webb, A., Dworaczyk, B.,
combinFormation: Mixed-Initiative Composition of Image and Text Surrogates Promotes Information Discovery
,
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS), 27(1), Dec. 2008, 5:1-45.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1416950.1416955
Kerne, A., Smith, S.M., Koh, E., Choi, H., Graeber, R.,
An Experimental Method for Measuring the Emergence of New Ideas in Information Discovery,
International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction (IJHCI),
24 (5) July 2008, 460-477.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10447310802142243
Kerne, A., Koh, E.,
Representing Collections as Compositions to Support Distributed Creative Cognition and Situated Creative Learning,
New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia (NRHM),
13(2) Dec 2007, 135-162.
http://dx.doi.org/110.1080/13614560701711859
Kerne, A., Koh, E., Smith, S.M., Choi, H., Graeber, R., Webb., A.,
Promoting Emergence in Information Discovery by Representing Collections with Composition,
Proc ACM Creativity and Cognition 2007, 117-126 [23%].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1254960.1254977
Koh, E., Kerne, A., Webb, A., Damaraju, S., Sturdivant, D.,
Generating Views of the Buzz: Browsing Popular Media and Authoring using Mixed-Initiative Composition,
Proc ACM Multimedia 2007, 228-237 [19%].
http://dx.doi.org/110.1145/1291233.1291282
Kerne, A., Koh, E., Dworaczyk, B., Mistrot, J.M., Choi, H.,
Smith, S., Graeber, R., Caruso, D., Webb, A., Hill, R., Albea, J.,
combinFormation: A
Mixed-Initiative System for Representing Collections as Compositions of
Image and Text Surrogates,Proc Joint ACM/IEEE Conf. on Digital Libraries (JCDL) 2006, 11-20 [23%]. http://dx.doi.org/110.1145/1141753.1141756
Koh, E., Kerne, A.,
I Keep Collecting: College Students Build and Utilize Collections in Spite of Breakdowns, Proc European Conf
on Digital Libraries (ECDL) 2006, 303-314 [27%].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11863878_26
Kerne, A., Koh, E., Choi, H., Dworaczyk, B., Smith, S.M., Hill, R., Albea, J.,
Supporting
Creative Learning Experience with Compositions of Image and Text Surrogates, Proc Ed Media 2006.
Kerne, A., Smith, S.M., Choi, H., Graeber, R., Caruso, D.,
Evaluating
Navigational Surrogate Formats with Divergent Browsing Tasks, Proc CHI 2005 Extended, 1537-1540.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1056808.1056960
Kerne, A., Smith, S.M.,
The Information Discovery Framework.
Proc ACM Designing Interactive Systems (DIS) 2004, 357-360 [25%].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1013115.1013179
Shah, J.J., Smith, S.M., Vargas-Hernandez, N., Gerkins, D.R.,
Wulan, M. (2003)
Empirical
Studies of Design Ideation: Alignment of Design Experiments with Lab Experiments,
Proc DETC 2003: ASME 2003 International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology, 847-856.
Shah, J.J., Smith, S.M., Vargas-Hernandez, N. (2002)
Metrics
for Measuring Ideation Effectiveness,
Design Studies,
24:2, 111-134.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-694X(02)00034-0
Dodds, R. A., Ward, T.B., & Smith, S.M. (2003)
Review of experimental literature on
incubation in problem solving and creativity, in M. A. Runco (Ed.), Creativity research handbook, Vol. 3. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
Ward, T.B., Smith, S.M., Finke, R.A. (1999)
Creative Cognition, in
Handbook of creativity, Sternberg, R.J., ed, Cambridge, U.K. : Cambridge University Press.
Smith, S.M., Ward, T.B., Finke, R.A. (1995)
Principles, Paradoxes, and Prospects for the Future of Creative Cognition,
in
Smith, S.M., Ward, T.B., Finke, R.A., The Creative Cognition Approach, Cambridge: MIT Press, 327-335.
Smith, S.M.(1994)
Getting
Into and Out of Mental Ruts: A theory of Fixation, Incubation, and Insight,
in Sternberg, R.J., Davidson, J., The Nature of Insight, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 121-149.
http://doi.apa.org/psycinfo/1994-98855-007
Smith, S.M., Ward, T.B., Schumacher, J.S. (1993)
Constraining effects of examples in a creative generation task,
Memory & Cognition, 21, 837-845.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/BF03202751
Smith, S.M., Blankenship, S.E. (1991)
Incubation
and the Persistence of Fixation in Problem Solving,
Am Journ Psychology, 104, 61-87.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1422851
Jansson, D.G., Smith, S.M., (1991)
Design Fixation,
Design Studies, 12:1, 3-11.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-694X(91)90003-F